Recently, funds have become available under the EC sponsored MOB program for paying the expenses of European senior and junior scientists who want to work in the LTL. Applications should be addressed to the Laboratory's Director. Unfortunately, in many cases the LTL is still unable to pay directly the salaries of visiting scientists, but financial support is often available through various exchange programs between Finland and many foreign countries or from private foundations.
Our scientists have also been involved in international research projects. Especially notable has been the ROTA collaboration with the USSR (later Russian) Academy of Sciences since 1978; a large number of papers on superfluid 3He in rotation have been published under the auspices of this ongoing program. A Danish-Finnish-German project was started in 1985, aiming at conducting neutron diffraction measurements on copper at nanokelvin temperatures in the Risø National Laboratory in Denmark. In 1992 the project was moved to the Hahn-Meitner-Institute in Berlin to study nuclear ordering in silver at T>0 and T<0. In 1986, we began an important collaboration on SQUID instrumentation for biomagnetic research with the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center at Yorktown Heights in the USA.
The decision that Finland will become a full member of CERN in 1991 and our traditional ties with the polarized-target group in Geneva have led to our participation in the Spin Muon Collaboration (SMC). The Low Temperature Laboratory's task is to build a dilution cryostat whose cooling capacity exceeds that of commercial machines by two orders of magnitude.
In 1975, the LTL was the host of the Fourteenth International Conference on Low Temperature Physics (LT 14), a big event attended by over 800 scientists from 34 different countries. In 1984, the Tenth International Cryogenic Engineering Conference (ICEC 10) was organized by the Low Temperature Laboratory's personnel; about 400 scientists and engineers attended. In 1987, the Laboratory was heavily involved in the organization of the 7th General Conference of the European Physical Society. Over the years, about a dozen smaller international conferences have been arranged by the LTL.
