Styles in Neural & Behavioral Sciences
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Please be sure to read this file before using our styles for journals in Neural & Behavioral Sciences. Here you will find notes about any limitations in a style, along with tips about how you might work around those limitations.


American Psychological Association Publication Manual (APA)
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EndNote includes two versions of the APA style: "APA Published"  and "APA Submitted". 

When submitting an article to a journal that requests the APA format, use the "APA Submitted" style. This style follows the rules of the 4th edition when submitting papers that will later be typeset by the publisher. The "APA Published" style follows the format that matches the final typeset version of an APA style bibliography. So, if you are preparing a manuscript in final form, meaning that the manuscript will not later be typeset and published, you may prefer to use the "APA Published" style. Consult with your editor or review committee if you are unsure which format to use. The main differences are:

APA Submitted:  

- The first line of each reference is indented with a tab; subsequent lines begin at the left margin. (This change from the APA 3rd edition was in response to authors' comments that hanging indents are difficult to create in some word processors.)
 
- Underline is used instead of italics. 
When submitting a manuscript for publication, the American Psychological Association prefers that you use underlining instead of italics for journal names and book titles. The underline is more legible and helps the typesetter to know what should be set to italics.

APA Published:  

- Each references is formatted with a hanging indent (first line begins at the left margin; subsequent lines are indented). [Note that EndNote does not create the hanging indent, but you should set up the margins in your word processor to indent the bibliography correctly. See the EndNote manual or your word processor's manual for more information.] 
- Italic is used instead of underline.


LIMITATIONS

(APA Submitted only) The comma immediately following a journal's volume or issue will not be underlined. As of March 1996, APA does not return manuscripts if a continuous underline is not used in references; the final typeset version of the manuscript will be corrected. 

If a reference has six or more authors, EndNote will include only the last name of the first author, followed by "et al." EndNote cannot, however, list additional authors as necessary to differentiate two references that are shortened to the same name and "et al." (APA 4th ed., 3.95).

For multiple citations where the same author is cited, APA style requests that the author's name appear only once. EndNote cannot automatically do this, but you can remove the author names form the UNFORMATTED citations and EndNote will omit them from the formatted citations. (APA 4th ed., 3.99)

If a reference has no author, the title of the work should move to the author position and the reference should be alphabetized based on the first 'significant' word of the title. EndNote cannot do this automatically, but you can create an Anonymous Book reference type in EndNote, and then define a style template for it to put the title first. (APA 4th ed., 3.111)

The APA manual states that the issue number for a journal should be included in the references if, and only if, each journal issue starts on page 1. Since EndNote cannot determine this, it will always include the issue number if it has been entered into the reference in the library. If you don't want the issue number to appear at all in the bibliography, edit the APA style and remove the Issue field from the Journal Article template.  (APA 4th ed., 3.114)

Use the APA style for all of these journals:

  American Psychologist
  Attitudes and Social Cognition
  Developmental Psychology
  Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology
  Health Psychology
  Interpersonal Relations and Group Processes
  Journal of Abnormal Psychology
  Journal of Applied Psychology
  Journal of Comparative Psychology
  Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology
  Journal of Counseling Psychology
  Journal of Educational Psychology
  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes
  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied
  Journal of Experimental Psychology: General
  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition
  Journal of Family Psychology
  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
  Neuropsychology
  Personality Processes and Individual Differences
  Professional Psychology: Research and Practice
  Psychological Assessment
  Psychological Bulletin
  Psychological Review
  Psychology and Aging
  Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

Brain. A Journal of Neurology
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This journal requires that the letter appended to the year (such as 1988a) be italicized. EndNote cannot do this. Please refer to "Italicizing the letter after the year" in the Styles chapter of the EndNote manual. 

This journal prints the authors' names in small caps. EndNote cannot convert text to small caps. See "Formatting author names in all capital letters or small caps" in the Styles chapter of the EndNote manual.  

This journal includes the specific pages cited in a book. Our styles do not include the specific page or pages cited for a book or edited book. Instead, EndNote includes a field for the Number of Pages for both books and edited books.

This journal requires that an author name be listed only once in a citation. If you need to create a multiple citation with more than one reference to the same author, please see "Showing an author's name only once in a multiple citation" in the Styles chapter of the EndNote manual.

Behaviour
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This journal prints the authors' names in small caps. EndNote cannot convert text to small caps. See "Formatting author names in all capital letters or small caps" in the Styles chapter of the EndNote manual.  

This publications requires that in the bibliography, you replace the author name(s) with an em-dash for subsequent works by the same author.  EndNote will not do this for you, so the repeated author names will need to be removed from the final bibliography and replaced with dashes.

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology
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This journal prints the authors' names in small caps. EndNote cannot convert text to small caps. See "Formatting author names in all capital letters or small caps" in the Styles chapter of the EndNote manual.  

This publications requires that in the bibliography, you replace the author name(s) with an em-dash for subsequent works by the same author.  EndNote will not do this for you, so the repeated author names will need to be removed from the final bibliography and replaced with dashes.

Ethology
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This journal prints the authors' names in small caps. EndNote cannot convert text to small caps. See "Formatting author names in all capital letters or small caps" in the Styles chapter of the EndNote manual.  

This publications requires that in the bibliography, you replace the author name(s) with an em-dash for subsequent works by the same author.  EndNote will not do this for you, so the repeated author names will need to be removed from the final bibliography and replaced with dashes.

A long dash is used for the page ranges. EndNote uses a regular dash.

Experimental Neurology
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EndNote cannot convert text to small caps, and so you will need to see "Formatting author names in all capital letters or 'small caps'" in the Styles chapter of the EndNote manual. 

If a paper delivered at a conference has been published along with other papers presented at the same conference, you should consider entering the paper as a Book Section rather than as a Conference Proceeding. That way, you will be able to include both the date and place of publication in your reference. The standard Conference Proceeding reference type in EndNote does not include fields for the year or place of publication.

Memory & Cognition
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EndNote cannot convert text to small caps, and so you will need to see "Formatting author names in all capital letters or 'small caps'" in the Styles chapter of the EndNote manual.

Perception
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If you need to create a multiple citation to the same author, please see "Showing an author's name only once in a multiple citation" in the Styles chapter of the EndNote manual. 

This style does not have a reference type for works "to be published." To add a reference type, please see the ReferenceTypes chapter of the EndNote manual. 

This journal includes the specific pages cited in a book. EndNote styles do not include the specific page or pages cited for a book or edited book. Instead, EndNote includes a field for the Number of Pages for both books and edited books.

Progress in Neurobiology
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This journal requires that an author name be listed only once in a citation. If you need to create a multiple citation with more than one reference to the same author, please see "Showing an author's name only once in a multiple citation" in the Styles chapter of the EndNote manual.

EndNote cannot convert text to small caps, and so you will need to see "Formatting author names in all capital letters or 'small caps'" the Styles chapter of the EndNote manual.

Progress in Psychobiology and Physiological Psychology
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If an author has published more than one study in a given year, EndNote will append a letter to each year of publication, and not just the second and subsequent publications in that year.

Psychosomatic Medicine
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This journal includes the specific pages cited in a book. EndNote styles do not include the specific page or pages cited for a book or edited book. Instead, EndNote includes a field for the Number of Pages for both books and edited books.